Tool for turning metal



(No Model.) I

E. HORTQN.

TOOL FOR TURNINGMETAL. N0. 316,781 I Patented Apr. 28, 1885.

= barren STA E-sf ATENT, Fr es.

- EVERETT HORTON, on NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.

TOOL FOR TURNING METAL.

EBPBCIPICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 316,787, dated April 28, 1885.

n, Application filed February 4, 1885. (No model.)

To aZZ whom iamaty concern.-

Be it known that I, EVERETT HORTON, of

New Haven, in the county of New Haven and and which said drawings constitutepart of,

this specification, and represent, in-

Figure 1, a top view of the cuttenbar, show ing the cutting-ribs and recesses; Fig. 2, a side view of the same; Fig. 3, an end view looking toward the first rib,H; Fig. 4, atransverse sec tion between the last two ribs, showing face View of the last cutting-rib; Fig. 5, aside view of the blank and of the finished pinion, showing the blank as acted upon by the successive cutters to produce the final complete pinion.

This invention relates to the construction of a tool for turning small articles of metal, specially designed for what are called clockpinions, and in which the pinion and arbor are turned at the same time or in one piece, such for illustration as that seen at G, Fig. 5. These articles are necessarily of small diameter, and the turning, as heretofore practiced, has been by hand, and has required the most expert and expensive workmen.

The object of my invention is the construction of a tool whereby the work may be performed automatically, or by unskilled labor; and it consists in a tool composed of a series of cutting-edges parallel with each other, but inclined across the path of movement, and each successive cutting-edge rising above the preceding cutting-edge, with arecess between successive cutting-edges, and the surface back of all the cutters in a plane parallel with each other and to the path of movement of the cutter, whereby the several cutti n g-edges will successively operate upon the work, and the flat surface back of the cutting-edge serve as a support for the work, as more fully hereinafter described.

In representing the cutter I show it adapted to turn a pinion, such as seen at G, Fig. 5. This consists of an arbor, a, terminating at both ends in a gudgeon, b, with collars (l eapplied to or formed on the arbor concentric with width is equal to or somewhat greater than the length of the arbor to be wrought, and the bar is adapted to be secured in the toolstock of a lathe or similar machine, so as to be moved by the tool-stock in like manner as is the tool for commonturning purposes. On the'upper or working surface of the bar, and diagonally across it, several grooves, f, are made, leaving diagonal ribs hi Zm n 0, and so on, as many as may be desired, the forward 01' advancing edge ofthe ribs being undercut, so as to produce a cutting-edge at the upper forward angle of the ribs. The height of these ribs from the plane of the bar gradually increases from the forward rib, h, rearward, and as seen in Fig. 2; but the upper surface of the ribs is parallel with the plane of the bar, and the surface of each bar parallel with all the others. Across the upper surface of each rib recesses are made at right angles to the path of movement of the cutter, the recess in each successive rib corresponding to the work to be performed. The face of the first rib, h, is as seen in Fig. 3, and is adapted to make the first out upon the blank. The last rib, 0, is adapted to make the last cut, as seen in Fig. 4, the shape of the last rib corresponding to the surface of the complete arbor. (Sec G, Fig. 5.)

. The cutter is arranged in the lathe, as before described, and the wire or rod introduced in the usual manner of applying such rods for turning. The cutter, however, is :arranged'to pass below the rod, as seen in Fig. 2, A representing the rod, and the rod therefore revolves backward, as indicated by the arrow in Fig. 2that is to say, the revolution of the article is in the opposite direction to what it is in theusual method of turning. Thus ar- Ice ranged,-the cutter passes beneath the bar.

The ribs being inclined, the forward point first strikes the, rod and makes a cut at that point, the advancing cutter gradually working the whole length of the rod; but as the cut advances from the extreme forward end, the flat surface immediately back of the cutter forms asupport upon which the blank will rest, that surface being flat and corresponding to the out which has been made. The first cut, as here represented, is indicated at B, Fig. 5. As the cutter advances the forward end of the second cutter strikes the blank before the other end of the first cutter shall have left its cut. The work will then be resting on the first cutter as the second cutter commences its work, so that the work will be supported by the first cutter during the portion of the work of the second cutter, the second cutter in its turn becoming the support for the work, and so on each successive cutter. The successive cuts are represented as at O D E F,

Fig. 5,-G representing the final or complete eut.-

In Fig. l the position of the work is indicated in broken lines as being completed by the next to the last cutter, and the last or finishing cutter just beginning its work. Under this arrangement it will be observed that the work is restingthroughout a very large portion of its length of the cutter forward of the one which is just commencing its work, and

thus affords a firm support for the work.

The tendency of the blank being worked upon in revolving is to draw it down onto the cutter; but because the surface back of the cutter is flat, and in the plane of movement of the cutter, that surface follows the cut and prevents the tendency of the arbor to spring down under the action of the cutter, the back surface of the cutter forming a support against its own action upon the work.

The number of cutters may be increased or diminished according to the work, and the shape of the upper surface of the cutters will be adapted to the work to be done, it only being. necessary that the cutters shall stand inclined across the path of movement, and their surfaces back of their cutting-edges fiat and parallel with the path in which the cutter moves. 7

The recesses f between the cutters are for the escape of chips, into which chips enter method heretofore practiced, audit is adapted to turning of the smallest arbors and pinions used in clock-work, owing to the fact that the back of the cutter forms a support or rest for the work close up to the point where the out ter is at work, and follows the out throughout the work, the succeeding cutter commencing its work before the blank shall have escaped from the support givenit by the back of the preceding cutter.

I claim 1. The herein-describedtool for metal turning, consisting of the cutterbar constructed with a series of ribs diagonally across it, each rib presenting a cutting-edge, and each successive cutting edge slightly above the previous cuttingedge, and all the ribs back of the cutting-edge flat upon their upper surface. the said surfaces parallel with each other and with the path in which the cutter is to be moved, substantially as described.

2. The cutter-bar H, constructed withaseries of ribs diagonally across it, leaving cor responding diagonal recesses between the ribs.

each rib presenting a cutting-edge, the forward edge of each rib formed as a cutter, each successive cutting edge slightly above the preceding cutting-edge, the upper surface of all .the ribs back of the cutting-edge flat, parallel with each other, and also parallel with the path in which the cutter is to be moved, substantially as described.

EVERETT HORTON.

Witnesses:

HIRAM CAMP, G. A. JEWETT. 

